Carbon Dioxide In Blood

Carbon Dioxide is a colorless, odorless and slightly acid taste, sometimes called carbonic acid, the molecule consists of a carbon atom bound to two oxygen atoms (CO2). It was called "fixed air" by the Scottish chemist Joseph Black, who obtained by the decomposition of the chalk and limestone and acknowledged that he entered the chemical composition of these substances. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier proved that it is an oxide of carbon, showing that the gas produced by burning charcoal is identical in its properties with air "fixed" obtained by Black. Carbon dioxide is about 1.5 times denser than air. It is soluble in water, 0.9 volume of gas dissolving in a volume of water at 20 ° C (68 ° F).

Carbon dioxide is produced in a variety of ways: by burning or oxidation of materials containing carbon such as coal, wood, oil, or food by fermentation of sugars, and the decomposition of carbonates in the influence of heat or acids. Commercially, carbon dioxide is removed from oven or gas from fermentation processes, the reaction of carbonates with acids, and the reaction of steam with natural gas, a step in the commercial production of ammonia . Carbon dioxide is purified by dissolving in a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate or ethanolamine solution and steam heating. The gas is evolved and is compressed in steel cylinders. The atmosphere contains carbon dioxide in varying amounts, usually 3 to 4 parts per 10,000, and increased by 0.4 percent per year. It is used by green plants in the process of photosynthesis, by which carbohydrates are manufactured.

Carbon dioxide is used in the manufacture of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 · 1OH2O (washing soda), sodium bicarbonate, carbonate NaHCO3 (baking soda) and lead-based, Pb3 (OH) 2 (CO3) 2 (white lead). Dissolved under a pressure of 2 to 5 atmospheres, carbon dioxide causes the effervescence in carbonated beverages. Carbon dioxide does not burn and does not support ordinary combustion, and because of these properties, it is used to extinguish fires. The CO2 extinguisher is a steel cylinder filled with liquid carbon dioxide, which, when released, expands suddenly and causes a great drop in temperature it solidifies powder "snow." The snow volatilizes (evaporates) in contact with the burning material, producing a gas blanket that cools and smothers the flames. solid carbon dioxide, known as dry ice, is widely used as a refrigerant. Its cooling effect is almost twice that of water ice, its particular advantages are that it does not melt as a liquid but turns into gas, and produces an inert atmosphere that reduces bacterial growth. The presence of carbon dioxide in the blood stimulates breathing. For this reason, carbon dioxide is added to oxygen or ordinary air rescue breathing and gas for anesthesia.

Carbon monoxide is a chemical compound of carbon and oxygen with carbon monoxide CO formula thoroughly -205 C (-337 ° F) and boils at -191.5 ° C (-312.7 ° F). It is a colorless, odorless, about 3 percent lighter than air and is toxic to all warm-blooded animals and many other life forms. When inhaled, it combines with hemoglobin in the blood, which prevents the absorption of oxygen and leading to asphyxiation. Carbon monoxide is formed whenever carbon or substances containing carbon are burned with insufficient air supply. Even when the amount of air is theoretically sufficient, the reaction is not always complete, so that the flue gas containing free oxygen and carbon monoxide.

An incomplete reaction is especially likely if it occurs rapidly, as in an automobile engine, for this reason, the automobile exhaust gases away.